One of the key factors that endangers network security is software vulnerabilities. So, increasing growth of Vulnerability emergence is a critical challenge in security management. Also, organizations constantly encounter the limited budget problem. Therefore, to do network hardening in a cost-benefit manner, quantitative Vulnerability assessment for finding the most critical vulnerabilities is a vital issue. The most prominent Vulnerability Scoring systems is CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) that ranks vulnerabilities based on their intrinsic characteristics. But in CVSS, Temporal features or the effect of existing patches and exploit tools in risk estimation of vulnerabilities are ignored. So, CVSS scores are not accurate. Another deficiency with CVSS that limits its application in real networks is that, in CVSS, only a small set of scores is used for discriminating between numerous numbers of vulnerabilities. To improve the difficulties with existing Scoring systems, here some security metrics are defined that rank vulnerabilities by considering their temporal features beside their intrinsic ones. Also, by the aim of improving scores diversity in CVSS, a new method is proposed for Impact estimation of Vulnerability exploitation on security parameters of the network. Performing risk assessment by considering the type of the attacker which endangers the network security most is another novelty of this paper.

Nowadays, computer network attacks are considered as the most serious issue in everybody’s life. Network hardening is a necessity which requires prioritizing vulnerabilities and finding the most dangerous ones. So, risk assessment should be done as much accurate as possible. The most widely used system for risk assessment is CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) that has some difficulties which make risk analysis inaccurate. Limited number of risk scores is the most critical issue which causes inefficient Vulnerability discrimination. Here one novel approach is proposed which amends the Impact formula of CVSS by the aim of increasing risk estimation accuracy and scores diversity.

The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed policy proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of Vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more policy proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of Vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

Background & Aims: Evaluation of trauma management is usually by TRISS Scoring and the outcome is compared to data from Major Trauma Outcome study (MTOS). Same study was designed in Urmia.Materials & Methods: TRISS Scoring was performed for multiple trauma cases during Apri12005- March 2006 in Shahid Motahhari hospital and was compared to MTOS via W-M-Z statistics.Results: 260 consecutive patients were included in the study, 210 men and 50 women. Mean age was 30.31 yr. 91% sustained blunt trauma, the vast majority resulting from traffic accident (92.5%). Observed mortality was 52 and predicted mortality 42. The W-M-Z statistics were: s 3.8%-0.891-0.27.Conclusion: The value of M- statistic> 0.880 predicted that this study was comparable to MTOS data. Z statistic between ranges -1.96- +1.96 defined standard treatment and there was no significant mortality difference. TRISS Scoring and MTOS comparing are valid for multi-trauma patients, outcome analysis in Iran.

Background: Foot ulceration and lower limb amputation are still Common complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic foot problems account for more hospitalization days than any other diabetic problem. The main etiologic factors are diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. An easy, simple to use and low cost method for screening of diabetic peripheral neuropathy will be very useful.Methods: From May 2003 to May 2004, all diabetic patients (type 1) referred to endocrine clinic of Namazi Hospital were evaluated for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), using the bedside Scoring procedure. A score of 3-5 indicated mild, 6-8 moderate, and 9- 10 severe DPN. The perception of vibration, temperature, pinprick and ankle reflex was examined. Tuning fork (128 Hz), neuropen, cold and warm water and reflex hammer were used for evaluation.Findings: In this study we evaluated 80 patients (34 male and 46 female) with type 1 DM, with the age range of 6-31 years (Mean±SD 18.16±5.22 yr). The overall prevalence of DPN was 13.75%: mild in 7.5%, moderate in 5% and severe in 1.25% of the patients. The most Common physical finding was the absence of ankle reflex. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of DPN. The prevalence of DPN was significantly associated with age, duration of DM and BMI (P< 0.05). There was no significant correlation with sex, HbAlc, puberty, parental consanguinity and family history of DM.Conclusions: Bedside Scoring procedure is a simple, low cost and easy method for screening of DPN in patients with type 1 DM in outpatient clinic. Examination of ankle reflex is very important.It is concluded that the diabetic patients need better follow-up and more education.

In order to study the genetic control of resistance to Common smut in maize, two resistant inbred lines, K1264/1 and K47/2-2-21 and two susceptible inbred lines, K3304/1-2 and K47/2-2-1-3-3-1, were crossed as K1264/1 × K3304/1-2, K47//2-2-21 × K3304/1-2 and K1264/1 × K47/2-2-1-3-3-1. The F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 progenies were produced and evaluated along with parents using randomized compelet block design with three replications. All generations were artificially inoculated with spordia of Ustilago maydis suspension. Inoculation was carried out 7-10 days after silking through injection of 3 ml of 106 spores/ml fungal suspension, using tip injection method. At maturity, disease severity was determined based on ears infection and analysed according to generation means analysis method for three crosses. Joint scaling test showed that the presence of additive, dominance and epistasis effects, especially additive × additive and dominance × dominance type, and in lesser extent, additive × dominance, in genetic control of resistance to maize Common smut. Average broad and narrow-sense heritability based on three crosses data were estimated 80.3 and 57.3, respectively.

The use of zeolite was investigated to improve the environmental condition of Common carp. The fingerlings of 13 grams were tested in 4 treatments. Each treatment contained 60 fish and 3 replications, in RBD experiment design. The treatment was performed 20, 40, 80 and 120 mg/l and one without zeolite as control. EC, T, O2 and salinity was equal but the amount of No2, NO3, NH4 and total hardness, was lower in zeolite treatment compared to the control group. Other parameters such as TDS, pH and sulfide were not different. The results showed that using zeolite can improve the water condition but the SGR, PER, FCR and total weight, in spite of pronounced difference between the dosage of 8 and 120 mg/l, the difference was not significant. In treatment of 80 mg/l, weight increased for 31%, GR for 29%, SGR for 29%, PER for 42%, more than the control group. FCR in the control group was 3.07 while in treatment with 80 mg/l zeolite, it was 2.34.The present study showed by using zeolite and by good management to improve the water condition, it is possible to improve the growth parameters of fish.

Background and Purpose: In recent decades, there has been a concerning increase in the prevalence and diversity of substance use problems in all countries of the world. Emphasizing the importance of prevention, this study aims to identify factors that increase Vulnerability to addiction and to model the causal relationship of adolescent Vulnerability to addiction based on affective-emotional temperaments, considering the mediating role of sensitivity to rejection. Method: This study employed a descriptive–correlational design using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all all secondary school students (10th, 11th, and 12th grades with an age range of 16-19 years) studying in Osku city in the 2023-2024 academic year. Therefore, 465 individuals were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Identifying People in Risk of Addiction Questionnaire (I.P.R.A.) by Anisi (2013), Affective and Emotional Temperament Scale (AFECT; Lara et al. 2012), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ; Downey and Feldman, 1996). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling with SPSS-23 and SmartPLS-3. Results: Structural equation modeling results revealed that emotional temperament (R = 0.283, p = 0.000), affective temperament (R = 0.267, p = 0.000), and rejection sensitivity (R = 0.377, p = 0.000) have a positive and significant relationship with Vulnerability to addiction. Moreover, the results indicated that emotional temperament (β = 0.267, p ≤ 0.01), affective temperament (β = 0.283, p ≤ 0.001), and rejection sensitivity (β = 0.657, p ≤ 0.01) had significant direct positive effects on addiction Vulnerability. Emotional temperament also indirectly influenced addiction Vulnerability through rejection sensitivity (β = 0.113, p ≤ 0.01) and emotional temperament has an indirect effect on Vulnerability to addiction through rejection sensitivity (P ≥0.01; ß=0.515). In conclusion, the results showed that the proposed model has a goodness-of-fit indices. Conclusion: The results of this research have important implications for using the proposed model to identify adolescents at risk of addiction. It can be utilized to design preventive interventions aimed at reducing Vulnerability to addiction among students.